Criminal Elements and Definitions for Wanton Publication and State Dept, CIA, FBI, and Classified Witnesses | US v Pfc. Manning

Manning pled not guilty to “Wanton Publication” in February. If convicted he is exposed to a maximum punishment of two years confinement.

Elements

In order to find Manning guilty of this offense, the presiding military judge (Manning opted to be tried by military judge alone) must be convinced by legal and competent evidence beyond reasonable doubt:

Element (1) That at or near Contingency Station Hammer, Iraq, between on or about 1 November 2009 and on or about 27 May 2010, the accused wrongfully and wantonly caused to be published on the internet, intelligence belonging to the United States Government, having knowledge that intelligence published on the internet is accessible to the enemy; and;

Element (2) That under the circumstances, the conduct of the accused was to the prejudice of good order and discipline in the armed forces or was of a nature to bring discredit upon the armed forces.

Definitions

Intelligence

Intelligence means any information that is helpful to the enemy and which is true, at least in part. To find the accused guilty of this offense, the government must prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the intelligence was given to and received by, the enemy.

Enemy

Enemy includes (not only) organized opposing forces in time of war, (but also any other hostile body that our forces may be opposing) (such as a rebellious mob or a band of renegades) (and includes civilians as well as members of military organizations). (‘Enemy’ is not restricted to the enemy government or its armed forces. All the citizens of one belligerent are enemies of the government and the citizens of t11e other.)

In January 2013, the Court took judicial notice that the U.S. “Department of State lists ‘al-Qa’ida’ as a foreign terrorist organization as of 8 November 1999. It lists ‘al-Qa’ida in the Islamic Maghreb’ as of 27 March 2002. It lists ‘al-Qa’ida in Iraq’ as of 17 December 2004. It lists ‘al-Qa’ida in the Arabian Peninsula’ as of 19 January 2010.”

Wrongful

Wrongful means without legal justification or excuse.

Wanton

Wanton includes ‘recklessness’ but may connote willfulness, or a disregard of probable consequences and thus describes a more aggravated offense. ‘Reckless’ conduct is conduct that exhibits a culpable disregard of foreseeable consequences to others from the act or omission involved. The accused need not intentionally cause a resulting harm. The ultimate question is whether under all the circumstances, the accused’s conduct was of that heedless nature that made it actually or imminently dangerous to others.

Knowledge

Knowledge requires that accused acted with actually knowledge that intelligence published on the internet was accessible to the enemy. You may not find the accused guilty of this offense if you find that the accused should have known, but did not actually know this fact. Knowledge, like any other fact, may be proved by circumstantial evidence, including the accused’s training, experience, and military occupational specialty.

According to the Court’s ‘Draft Instructions‘ Ruling in November 2012,, “The Court tailored the definition of knowledge proposed by the Defense. The definition requires the fact finder to find beyond a reasonable doubt that the accused act with actual knowledge and not constructive knowledge.”

Caused to Be Published

Caused to be published means the action of the accused was a proximate cause of the publication even if it is not the only cause, as long as it is a direct or contributing cause that plays a material role, meaning an important role, in bringing about the publication. An act is not a proximate cause if some other unforeseeable, independent, intervening event, which did not involve the accused’s conduct, was the only cause that played any important part in bringing about the publication.

According to the Court’s ‘Draft Instructions‘ Ruling in November 2012, “The ’caused to be published’ instruction” stated above is taken from the proximate cause instruction currently in Judge’s Benchbook at 5-19.”

Prejudice to Good Order and Discipline & Service Discrediting

‘Conduct prejudicial to good order and discipline’ is conduct which causes a reasonably direct
and obvious injury to good order and discipline. “Service discrediting conduct” is conduct
which tends to harm the reputation of the service or lower it in public esteem.

With respect to ‘prejudice to good order and discipline,’ the law recognizes that almost any irregular or improper act on the part of a service member could be regarded as prejudicial in some indirect or remote sense; however, only those acts in which the prejudice is reasonably direct and palpable is punishable under this Article.

With respect to ‘service discrediting,’ the law recognizes that almost any irregular or improper act on the part of a service member could be regarded as service discrediting in some indirect or remote sense; however, only those acts which would have a tendency to bring the service into disrepute or which tend to lower it in public esteem are punishable under this Article.

Under some circumstances, the accused’s conduct may not be prejudicial to good order and discipline but, nonetheless, may be service discrediting…Likewise, depending on the circumstances, the accused’s conduct can be prejudicial to good order and discipline but not be service discrediting.

Elements and definitions sourced from the Court’s Draft Instructions in November 26, 2012.

Overview

The language of “wantonly cause to be published on the internet intelligence belonging to the US government, having knowledge that intelligence published on the internet is accessible to the enemy” is an unprecedented charge in military law, and not tied to an existing federal criminal violation or punitive article of the Uniform Code of Military Justice. Manning’s defense calls it a “made up offense.”

According to a bill of particulars from military prosecutors, Manning wrongfully and wantonly caused intelligence to be published on the internet “by leaking thousands of documents gathered from SIPRNET including several databases to the WikiLeaks organization.”

“Wantonly cause to be published” does not mean that Manning has to be the proximate publisher. The offense, however, is intended to proscribe and chill whistleblowers and publishers empowered by the Internet’s low cost, accessible means of distribution. The offense of “Wanton Publication” interdicts the release of large datasets, which can be subsequently mined or modeled for revelations by digital journalists and organizations like WikiLeaks.

Defense has argued that the “lack of actual harm supports the view that any alleged disclosure of information was not wanton.” The Judge, however, ruled that evidence of actual damage is not permitted during the trial on the merits and is relegated to sentencing.

Defense also argued, that “[t]here is an issue of control if it be published at all, even if you give to a news organization– no guarantee that it would be published.” At the Article 32 pretrial hearing in December 2011, while cross examining agent Mark Mander from the U.S. Army Computer Crimes Investigative Unit (C.C.I.U.) about the FBI investigation of seven civilians including the “founders, owners, or managers of WikiLeaks”, Coombs asked:

Coombs: Whom else did you uncover doing wrongdoing?

Mander: Seven other civilians. The FBI is potentially involved. I do not know what the FBI has determined.

Coombs: Do they include the founders, owners, or managers of WikiLeaks? Was WikiLeaks in this case?

Mander: Yes they are involved in certain aspects.

Coombs: Is it your determination…would you agree that my client would have been unable to do this by himself?

Mander: Depends on charge. ‘Something by himself’ …other charges require interaction with others.

Coombs: Did my client possess the ability to upload from his cubical in Iraq?

Mander: Yes. He could have uploaded to multiple sites.

Coombs: Would he not also require the cooperation of others to post to (indecipherable)?

Mander: Not if he owned the site.

Defense has continued to argue this line at trial against the U.S. Government’s case for ‘Wanton Publication’. “The plan or state of mind of WikiLeaks has nothing to do with PFC Manning,” said military defense counsel, Captain Joshua Tooman, at trial concerning the U.S.G.’s assertion that two WikiLeaks tweets should be admitted as evidence for identification because the tweets showed the alleged plan of WikiLeaks to compromise U.S. military information and the alleged state of mind of WikiLeaks concerning the nature of the content military prosecutors allege Manning stole. The Court ruled that the tweets were relevant and admissible for identification purposes as circumstantial evidence with non hearsay exception.

OBL Stipulation of Fact

Military prosecutors will also use evidence obtained at the raid of Osama bin Laden in May 2011, in the form of a stipulation of fact. While the stipulation of fact is to be entered next week in court, the unclassified portion that we know of contains the following text:

On 2 May 2011 United States Government officials raided the OBL compounded. Located in Abbottabad Pakistan collected several items of digital media. From the items of digital media the following items were obtained. (1) A letter from Osama bin Laden to a member of Al Qaeda requesting the member gather Department of Defense material posted to #WikiLeaks. 2.) A letter from the same member of Al Qaeda to UBL attached to which was the Afghanistan War Log [singular] as posted by #WikiLeaks. 3.) Department of State information.

There may be a classified portion. Prosecutors argue that the “bin Laden evidence” confirms receipt by the enemy, that the information was made “accessible to the enemy.” The stipulation of fact if admitted may remove the testimony of a U.S.G. classified witness John Doe, who participated in the raid.

U.S.A.C.I.C Memo on WikiLeaks

The Government has also used a 2008 US Army Counterintelligence Center Memo entitled, “(U) WikiLeaks.org–An Online Reference to Foreign Intelligence Services, Insurgents, or Terrorist Groups?“, which is charged against Manning under the Espionage Act. Manning pled to the lesser included offense of 18 USC 793(e) for the U.S.A.C.I.C. report in February.

Manning PowerPoint

Prosecutors have also used a PowerPoint presentation, entitled “Operation Security (OPSEC) PV2 Manning, , D Company, 305th Military Intelligence Battalion”, dated 13 June 2008, that Manning drafted at Fort Huachuca, AZ, while training to be a military intelligence analyst.




The PowerPoint was the result of corrective training Manning received for reportedly posting personal videos on Facebook. The PowerPoint, said prosecutors, explains how to handle classified information and how foreign governments, enemies, spies, and hackers seek information about the US military on the Internet.

Over the prosecution’s objection, defense is seeking the testimony of Professor Yochai Benkler, co-director of Harvard’s Berkman Center for Internet and Society, as an expert witness on WikiLeaks, new forms of digital journalism, and the internet. Coombs said Benkler will testify that WikiLeaks was viewed as a respected journalistic organization at the time of the charged offenses and “not viewed as a terrorist organization aiding the enemy.”

“In 2009 and 2010 WikiLeaks received numerous awards,” said Coombs, “and prior to the charged leaks, was a legitimate journalistic organization, albeit not mainstream.” Coombs also said that Benkler will testify that “between 2006 and 2010, WikiLeaks published on a wide range of topics and various governments, corporate malfeasance and ineptitude, and was not bent against the United States and our way of life.”

Benkler’s testimony goes straight to defending Manning against the ‘reckless disregard’ language found in “Wanton Publication” and against the charge of aiding the enemy.

“News organizations take steps to verify– and harm-minimization,” said Coombs, “Once [WikiLeaks] received [the information] they collaborated with media partners to ensure the control and safe release.” “These media partners put their own teams to work. They selected information that was appropriate, and WikiLeaks published the same information,” said Coombs.

State Department Witnesses

The Court admitted stipulations of testimony last week by military prosecutors from State Department witnesses concerning cables for use in the U.S.G.’s case against Manning for ‘Wanton Publication’ and ‘Aiding the Enemy’.

James Moore, Department of State

James Moore is Deputy Assistant Secretary Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs at the Department of State. On June 27, 2013 the following unclassified redacted stipulation of testimony was read into the court record.



His unclassified redacted stipulation contained a list of the following charged cables:

  1. 06COLOMBO1889 DEFENSE SECRETARY EXPRESSES CONCERN ABOUT POSSIBLE MAJOR LTTE ATTACK
  2. 06KATHMANDU3023 GETTING A SECURITY COUNCIL MANDATE FOR NEPAL’S PEACE PROCESS
  3. 06KATHMANDU3024 PM KOIRALA OPTIMISTIC ABOUT PROSPECTS FOR PEACE
  4. 07ASHGABAT1359 RUSSIAN DCM PLAYS UP GREAT GAME TO EXPLAIN U.S. INTERESTS IN TURKMENISTAN
  5. 07DHAKA24 AMBASSADOR AND BRITISH HIGH COMMISSION MET WITH SHEIKH HASINA REGARDING MILITARY COUP
  6. 07NEWDELHI80 CONGRESS GOVERNMENT IN HIMACHAL PRADESH PASSES A RELIGIOUS CONVERSION BAN
  7. 09NEWDELHI267 AMBASSADOR PRESSES MENON TO IMPLEMENT CIVIL NUCLEAR COOPERATION WITH U.S.
  8. 09STATE92641 PERSUADING THE GOVERNMENT OF SRI LANKA ON FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT

Dean Pittman, Department of State

H. Dean Pittman, Principal Acting Assistant Secretary Bureau of International Organization Affairs, Department of State. The Bureau of International Organization Affairs is the primary interlocutor with the United Nations and is charged with advancing the President’s agenda and the national interests of the United States. On June 27, 2013 the following unclassified and redacted stipulation of testimony was read into the Court record.



The unclassified stipulation was read and listed the following charged cables:

  1. 07USUNNEWYORK573 U.S. OFFICIALS BRIEF UNSYG ON PRESIDENT’S CLIMATE CHANGE INITIATIVE, DISCUSS DARFUR
  2. 07USUNNEWYORK575 UPDATE ON UN EFFORTS TO SET UP LEBANON TRIBUNAL
  3. 07USUNNEWYORK578 RUSSIA TRASHES MINIMALIST KOSOVO DRAFT RESOLUTION

Ambassador Stephen Seche State Department

Ambassador Stephen Seche, formerly United States Ambassador to Yemen, Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs (NEA), Department of State. The NEA deals with U.S. foreign policy and diplomatic relations with Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen. Regional policy issues include the war in Iraq, Middle East peace, terrorism, weapons of mass destruction, and political and economic reform. On June 27, 2013 the following stipulation of testimony was read into the court record.

Seche had two sets of stipulations of testimony. One set relates to charged cables and another relates to uncharged cables. Two unclassified redacted stipulations were read into the court record.



Charged cables were listed in the first unclassified and redacted stipulation as follows:

  1. 05ALGIERS1836 DESPITE SOME EARLIER CONCERNS, GOA TAKING POSITIVE STANCE ON LUGAR MISSION AND ITS AFTERMATH
  2. 06ALGIERS1961 SKIKDA RAMPING UP REFINING, LNG CAPACITY WITH EYE ON EUROPE
  3. 06BAGHDAD2646 HUNGER STRIKE BY AD-DUJAYL DEFENDANTS
  4. 06BAGHDAD4205 SCIRI LEADERS BEMOAN LACK OF STRONG SUNNI PARTNERS IN IRAQI GOVERNMENT
  5. 06BEIRUT3603 UN OFFICIALS ON COORDINATION, TRIBUNAL, OVERFLIGHTS, HIZBALLAH
  6. 06BEIRUT3604 FORMER PM MIKATI INSISTS HE SUPPORTS SINIORA
  7. 06BEIRUT3703 LAHOUD REJECTS PATRIARCH’S CALL TO QUIT
  8. 06KUWAIT4430 FREEDOM AGENDA: RUMBLINGS OF ANOTHER PARLIAMENT DISSOLUTION
  9. 06KUWAIT4438 IRAQ DEBT FORGIVENESS: “A BLOODY, UPHILL BATTLE”
  10. 06RIYADH8811 UNPRECEDENTED MEETING BETWEEN USG AND SAG ON PETROLEUM INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION
  11. 06TRIPOLI645 LIBYAN DEMARCHE ON CHINA SUMMIT WITH AFRICAN NATIONS
  12. 06TRIPOLI648 LIBYAN CENTRAL BANK ESTABLISHING NEW TRAINING INSTITUTE
  13. 07BAGHDAD35 MALIKI’S GROWING WILLINGNESS TO TAKE ON JAM
  14. 07BAGHDAD36 AMBASSADOR’S JANUARY 5 MEETING WITH IRAQI PM ADVISOR AL-ASKARI
  15. 07BAGHDAD37 IRAQI POLITICAL LEADERS EMPHASIZE IMPORTANCE OF BAGHDAD SECURITY AND MODERATE FRONT, AT DINNER WITH DEFENSE SECRETARY GATES
  16. 07BAGHDAD42 MOI BOLANI SLOW TO DEVELOP REFORM PLAN
  17. 07BAGHDAD53 KURDISTAN PRESIDENT BARZANI DISCUSSES PESHMERGA, REGIONAL ADMINISTRATION AND MEDIA FREEDOM
  18. 07BAGHDAD56 PRT TIKRIT: DOES THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT’S REACH EXTEND TO SALAH AD DIN?
  19. 07BAGHDAD63 IRAQ’S SUNNI VP DISCUSSES BAGHDAD SECURITY PLAN, MODERATE FRONT, SADDAM AND IRAN
  20. 07BAGHDAD64 COR FINANCE COMMITTEE CHAIR BEGINS 2007 BUDGET REVIEW
  21. 07BAGHDAD70 KURDISTAN PRESIDENT DISCUSSES OIL REVENUE SHARING, PRIVATE SECTOR DEVELOPMENT, RECONSTRUCTION AID
  22. 07BASRAH3 AN AMERICAN KIDNAPPED IN BASRAH
  23. 07BEIRUT1958 LEBANON: CHRISTIAN LEADERS DISCUSS BG HAJJ ASSASSINATION, PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION
  24. 07RIYADH21 DEMARCHE DELIVERED: SECURING REGIONAL BORDERS AGAINST INFLUX OF FOREIGN FIGHTERS AND WEAPONS TO SOMALIA
  25. 07RIYADH22 FOLLOW UP ON AL MANAR AND AL AKSA TELEVISION; ARMS FOR LEBANESE ARMED FORCES
  26. 07RIYADH23 SAG STATES NO HIGH-LEVEL ENGAGEMENT OF SYRIAN OFFICIALS
  27. 07TUNIS47 SCENESETTER FOR VISIT OF DAS CARPENTER
  28. 08AMMAN535 AS NEW POLITICAL PARTY RULES LOOM, JORDANIAN POLITICIANS MANEUVER
  29. 08CAIRO569 ARAB LEAGUE’S HISHAM YOUSEF ON SUMMIT AND “YEMENI INITIATIVE”
  30. 09BAGHDAD2390 MALIKI ADVISOR SAYS PM UNLIKELY TO JOIN SHI’A COALITION; FEARS IRAN WILL FOMENT VIOLENCE IN RUN-UP TO ELECTION
  31. 09RIYADH1156 SAUDI MINISTER OF STATE MADANI ON UAE, YEMEN, SAUDI-ARMENIAN RELATIONS
  32. 10RABAT294 (Not listed in the publication of Cablegate)



Uncharged cables were listed in the second unclassified and redacted stipulation as follows:

  1. 09STATE15113
  2. 09DOHA214

Ambassador Don Yamamoto, Department of State

Ambassador Don Yamamoto is the former Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary within the Bureau of African Affairs, currently serving as Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs, Department of State. On June 27, 2013 the following unclassified and redacted stipulation of testimony was read into the court record.



The unclassified and redacted stipulation listed the following charged cables:

  1. 10PRETORIA636 (Not published in Cablegate)
  2. 08KHARTOUM246 UNAMID COMMANDER: BUILDING UP WHAT WE HAVE SHOULD BE THE PRIORITY
  3. 08KHARTOUM428 LIAR’S POKER: SUDANESE “CALL AND RAISE” ON USG NON-PAPER
  4. 07LAGOS719 NIGERIA: NEW RIVERS GOVERNOR REINVENTS HIMSELF BUT FACES CHALLENGES IN TRIBUNAL
  5. 09ADDISABABA1063 SCENESETTER FOR VISIT OF AMB. RICE TO ETHIOPIA
  6. 07ADDISABABA2197 (C-AL7-01035) ETHIOPIA: WFP OFFICIAL DISCUSSES ONLF AND COUNTERINSURGENCY IN OGADEN
  7. 09BAMAKO85 IS THE REBELLION OVER? MALI BEATS BACK BAHANGA AND PREPARES FOR PEACE IN KIDAL
  8. 08DARESSALAAM206 TANZANIA: MINISTER MEMBE BRIEFS AMBASSADOR GREEN ON COMOROS PLANS, ZIMBABWE ELECTIONS

Ambassador Marie Yovanovitch, Department of State

Ambassador Marie Yovanovitch is the Acting Assistant Secretary of State for European and Eurasian Affairs, in addition to her role as Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary, Department of State. On June 27, 2013 the following unclassified and redacted stipulation of testimony was read into the court record.



The unclassified and redacted stipulation listed the following charged cables:

  1. 10REYKJAVIK13 LOOKING FOR ALTERNATIVES TO AN ICESAVE REFERENDUM
  2. 06BELGRADE1681 ICTY ACTION PLAN SCORECARD, OCTOBER 2006
  3. 06MADRID2955 SPAIN DOES NOT AGREE WITH KOSOVO TIMEFRAME
  4. 06MADRID2956 SPAIN: ACTIVE SUPPORT ON TURKEY/EU; WILL SEEK LEAST DAMAGING OPTION
  5. 06PRISTINA947 KOSOVO: UNMIK GETTING OUT OF THE RETURNS BUSINESS
  6. 06PRISTINA948 KOSOVO: PLANNING FOR POSSIBLE SERB REFUGEE MOVEMENTS POST-STATUS SHOWS GAPS IN ABILITY TO HANDLE LARGE MIGRATIONS
  7. 07ANKARA23 TURKEY: ERDOGAN IMPATIENT FOR U.S. ACTION AGAINST PKK
  8. 07ANKARA2468 TURKEY: POLITICAL REFORMS STALLED AS GOT FOCUSES ON NEW CONSTITUTION
  9. 07BRATISLAVA665 SLOVAKIA: DCM REINFORCES KOSOVO, IRAN POINTS WITH DEPUTY FOREIGN MINISTER
  10. 07MINSK1024 AMBASSADOR VISITS HOSPITALIZED YOUTH LEADER FEDARUK
  11. 07MOSCOW5824 U.S., RUSSIA, AND EUROPEAN COOPERATION: FIRST WE NEED TO REMOVE OBSTACLES
  12. 07MOSCOW5825 RUSSIAN ELITES AHEAD OF RULING PARTY CONFERENCE
  13. 07PARIS4722 GERMAN DIPLOMAT AT FRENCH MFA DESCRIBES CAUTIOUS, CONSTRUCTIVE RELATIONS
  14. 07PARIS4723 FRANCE AND THE WTO AG BIOTECH CASE
  15. 07REYKJAVIK203 Icelandic MFA announces inquiry into alleged CIA detainee flights
  16. 07VILNIUS13 LITHUANIA STRUGGLING TO MEET SCHENGEN REQUIREMENTS
  17. 09PARIS217 FRENCH FEEDBACK ON KOSOVO RECOGNITION STRATEGY
  18. 09PRAGUE88 CZECH REPUBLIC: RESPONSE TO DEMARCHE ON DISCUSSION OF MEDVEDEV SECURITY PROPOSAL
  19. 09PRISTINA58 KOSOVO: CONTINUED PROGRESS, CHALLENGES AT KOSOVO PROPERTY AGENCY
  20. 09STATE92632 AFGHANISTAN TRANSIT – REQUEST FOR GENERAL AUTHORIZATION
  21. 09STATE92657 JCIC-DIP-09-010: U.S. RESPONSE TO RUSSIAS START FORMAT 81 NOTIFICATION REGARDING INCOMPLETENESS OR INSUFFICIENT QUALITY OF THE RECORDING OF TELEMETRIC INFORMATION PROVIDED REGARDING THE TRIDENT II SLBM FLIGHT TEST OF DECEMBER 10, 2008
  22. 10BRUSSELS382 (Not published in Cablegate)
  23. 10GENEVA347 (Not published in Cablegate)

Mr. Joseph Yun, Department of State

Joseph Yun is Acting Assistant Secretary for East Asian and Pacific Affairs, Department of State. On June 27, 2013 the following unclassified and redacted stipulation of testimony was read into the court record.



The unclassified stipulation listed the following charged cables:

  1. 07BANGKOK111 AMBASSADOR PRESSES CNS SECRETARY GENERAL ON MARTIAL LAW
  2. 06TAIPEI3830 MTAG: UNSCR 1718 AND EXPORT CONTROL
  3. 07KUALALUMPUR40 MALAYSIA STILL WAVERING ON BURMA RESOLUTION
  4. 07RANGOON22 THAN SHWE REPORTEDLY RETURNING TO BURMA
  5. 07VIENTIANE12 REPRESENTATIVE MCCOLLUM MEETS NATIONAL ASSEMBLY LEADERS
  6. 06SEOUL3882 ROK TO ANNOUNCE POSITION ON PSI NOVEMBER 13, 2006
  7. 06SEOUL3885 PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE KOH GUN ON NORTH KOREA, ALLIANCE AND DOMESTIC POLITICS
  8. 06SUVA489 FIJI UPDATE 11/13: GCC TRIES TO MEDIATE; NO STABLE OUTCOME IN SIGHT
  9. 07SUVA18 FIJI UPDATE 1/8/07: INTERIM GOVERNMENT MINISTERS; CHAUDHRY TO FINANCE; INTERNATIONAL INFLUENCES; APPARENT MURDER IN RFMF CUSTODY
  10. 10TOKYO627 (Not published in Cablegate)
  11. 07BEIJING152 CHINA URGES UNITED STATES TO BAR MEDIA, PUBLIC EVENTS FOR CHEN SHUI-BIAN TRANSIT STOPS

C.I.A.

Further, the Court also admitted the stipulation of testimony from Ms. Catheryne Strobl at the CIA, concerning the two CIA Red Cell Memos and the 2008 U.S.A.C.I.C. WikiLeaks report, which are charged against Manning under Specifications 3 and 15 of Charge II, Article 134.

Classified Witnesses

As mentioned above the U.S.A.C.I.C. report will be used in the U.S.G.’s case against Manning for ‘Wanton Publication’ and ‘Aiding the Enemy’. In addition, at least two of three separate classified witnesses will have their stipulations of testimony presented to the Court next week about the CIA Memos and USACIC report.

F.B.I.

Finally, according to an unpublished pre-trial transcript by this author from May 21, SSA [Supervisory Special Agent] Alexander Pott [sp.], FBI is to testify in a closed session or have a stipulation of testimony entered by the U.S.G. in its case against Manning for ‘Wanton Publication’ and ‘Aiding the Enemy.’ It is possible that he would testify to what military prosecutors sought to take judicial notice of in January 2012: namely, “The United States FBI has named Adam Yahiye Gadahn as a “most wanted terrorist” and states he is associated with AI Qaeda.”